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Matteostok94.
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Z El. Configurazione elettronica
1 H 1S1
2 He* 1S2
3 Li 1S22S1
4 Be 1S22S2
5 B 1S22S22p1
6 C 1S22S22p2
7 N 1S22S22p3
8 O 1S22S22p4
9 F 1S22S22p5
10 Ne* 1S22S22p6
11 Na 1S22S22p63S1
12 Mg 1S22S22p63S2
13 Al 1S22S22p63S23p1
14 Si 1S22S22p63S23p2
15 P 1S22S22p63S23p3
16 S 1S22S22p63S23p4
17 Cl 1S22S22p63S23p5
18 Ar* 1S22S22p63S23p6
19 K 1S22S22p63S23p64S1
20 Ca 1S22S22p63S23p64S2
21 Sc 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D1
22 Ti 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D2
23 V 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D3
24 Cr 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D4
25 Mn 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D5
26 Fe 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D6
27 Co 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D7
28 Ni 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D8
29 Cu 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D9
30 Zn 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D10
31 Ga 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p1
32 Ge 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p2
33 As 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p3
34 Se 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p4
35 Br 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p5
36 Kr* 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p6
37 Rb 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S1
38 Sr 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S2
39 Y 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D1
40 Zr 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D2
41 Nb 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D3
42 Mo 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D4
43 Tc 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D5
44 Ru 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D6
45 Rh 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D7
46 Pd 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D8
47 Ag 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D9
48 Cd 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D10
49 In 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p1
50 Sn 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p2
51 Sb 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p3
52 Te 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p4
53 I 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p5
54 Xe* 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p6
55 Cs 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S1
56 Ba 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S2
57 La 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F1
58* Ce 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F2
59* Pr 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F3
60* Nd 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F4
61* Pn 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F5
62* Sm 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F6
63* Eu 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F7
64* Gd 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F8
65* Tb 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F9
66* Dy 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F10
67* Ho 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F11
68* Er 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F12
69* Tn 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F13
70* Yb 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F14
71* Lu 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D1
72 Hf 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D2
73 Ta 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D3
74 W 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D4
75 Re 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D5
76 Os 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D6
77 Ir 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D7
78 Pt 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D8
79 Au 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D9
80 Hg 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D10
81 Tl 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p1
82 Pb 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p2
83 Bi 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p3
84 Po 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p4
85 At 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p5
86 Rn* 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p6
87 Fr 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S1
88 Ra 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S2
89 Ac 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F1
90* Th 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F2
91* Pa 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F3
92* U 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F4
93* Np 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F5
94* Pu 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F6
95* Am 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F7
96* Cm 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F8
97* Bk 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F9
98* Cf 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F10
99* Es 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F11
100* Fm 1S22S22p63S23p64S23D104p65S24D105p66S24F145D106p67S25F12
Osservazione1:Tutti i gas nobili, a parte l’He che ha solo due elettroni, presentano due elettroni nel livello “S” e sei nel”P” : questa configurazione a otto elettroni è detta ottetto.
Gli elettroni che hanno altri elementi in più rispetto al gas nobile che li precede vengono chiamati elettroni di valenza importantissimi perché coinvolti nelle reazioni chimiche.
Osservazione2: Un atomo attraverso una reazione chimica perde o acquista elettroni in numero tale da consentire una configurazione elettronica uguale o il più vicino possibile a quella dei gas nobili.
Osservazione 3: I livelli energetici vengono occupati dagli elettroni a partire dal livello energetico più basso. Ogni livello viene riempito fino al massimo della sua capacità.
Osservazione 4: Vale il principio di esclusione di Pauli:ogni sottorbitale può tenere al massimo due elettroni con spin antiparalleli.
Osservazione 5:Vale la regola di Hund:in un atomo gli elettroni di uno stesso sottolivello tendono a occupare il maggior numero di orbitali disponendosi a spin paralleli.
LEGENDA
*= gas nobile (LA SIGLA)
*=elemento artificiale (IL NUMERO)
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